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This article is part of the series
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Original provinces
Minor states
One-unit provinces
Other subdivisions
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| Sindh | ||||||||||
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Sindh was a province of British India from 1936 to 1947 and Pakistan from 1947 to 1955. Under the British, it encompassed the current territorial limits excluding the princely state of Khairpur with the capital at Karachi. After Pakistan's creation, the province lost the city of Karachi, as it became the capital of the newly created country.
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The province was bordered by the Indian states of Gujarat and Rajasthan to south and east, the princely states of Bahawalpur and Khairpur to the northeast and Karachi and the princely states of Kalat and Las Bela to the west. On the southwest lay the Arabian Sea but the coast was mostly composed of the Indus delta.
After conquest by the British in 1843 Sind had been part of the Bombay Presidency, however on 1936-04-01 Sind Division was separated from the Bombay Presidency and made into a province of British India.
The Partition of India and the departure of the British in 1947 led to the province of Sind becoming part of Pakistan. The province was merged into the province of West Pakistan in 1955 under the One Unit policy announced by Prime Minister Chaudhry Mohammad Ali.
By the time of Partition in 1947 Sind had had a Muslim majority for centuries but there were significant minorities of Hindus throughout the province. In 1947 due to communal tensions and the influx of two million Muslim refugees from India many Hindus fled to India[1]
The refugees from India were mostly Urdu speakers, and although the official language of Sind was Sindhi, the military government of Pakistan closed down Sindhi schools in big cities of Sindh and replaced those with Urdu schools.
The offices of Governor of Sind and Chief Minister of Sind were established in 1936 when Sind became a province. This system continued until 1955 when Sind was dissolved.
| Tenure | Governor of Sind[2] |
|---|---|
| 1 April 1936 | Province of Sind established |
| 1 April 1936 – 1 August 1938 | Sir Lancelot Graham (first time) |
| 1 August 1938 – 1 December 1938 | Joseph Garrett (acting) |
| 1 December 1938 – 1 April 1941 | Sir Lancelot Graham (2nd time) |
| 1 April 1941 – 15 January 1946 | Sir Hugh Dow |
| 15 January 1946 – 14 August 1947 | Sir Robert Francis Mudie |
| 14 August 1947 | Independence of Pakistan |
| 14 August 1947 – 4 October 1948 | Sir Ghulam Hussain Hidayatullah |
| 4 October 1948 – 19 November 1952 | Sheikh Din Muhammad |
| 19 November 1952 – 1 May 1953 | Mian Aminuddin |
| 1 May 1953 – 12 August 1953 | George Baxandall Constantine |
| 12 August 1953 – 23 June 1954 | Habib Ibrahim Rahmatullah |
| 23 June 1954 – 14 October 1955 | Iftikhar Hussain Khan |
| 14 October 1955 | Province of Sind dissolved |
| Tenure | Chief Minister of Sind[2] | Political party |
|---|---|---|
| 24 April 1937 – 23 March 1938 | Sir Ghulam Hussain Hidayatullah | Muslim Political Party |
| 23 March 1938 – 18 March 1940 | Allah Bux Soomro (1st time) | Sind United Party |
| 18 March 1940 – 7 March 1941 | Mir Band-e-Ali Khan Talpur | Muslim League |
| 7 March 1941 – 14 October 1942 | Allah Bux Soomro (2nd time) | Sind United Party |
| 14 October 1942 – 14 August 1947 | Sir Ghulam Hussain Hidayatullah | Muslim Political Party |
| 14 August 1947 | Independence of Pakistan | |
| 14 August 1947 – 28 April 1948 | Mohammad Ayub Khuhro (1st time) | Pakistan Muslim League |
| 3 May 1948 – 4 February 1949 | Pir Illahi Bakhsh | Pakistan Muslim League |
| 18 February 1949 – 7 May 1950 | Yusuf Haroon | Non-partisan |
| 8 May 1950 – 24 March 1951 | Qazi Fazlullah Ubaidullah | Non-partisan |
| 25 March 1951 – 29 December 1951 | Mohammad Ayub Khuhro (2nd time) | Pakistan Muslim League |
| 29 December 1951 – 22 May 1953 | Governor's rule | |
| 22 May 1953 – 8 November 1954 | Pirzada Abdus Sattar | Pakistan Muslim League |
| 9 November 1954 – 14 October 1955 | Mohammad Ayub Khuhro (3rd time) | Pakistan Muslim League |
| 14 October 1955 | Province of Sind dissolved | |
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